What is platelet activating factor?

Platelet activating factor (PAF) is a lipid mediator that plays a crucial role in inflammation, immunity, and homeostasis. It is produced by a variety of cells, including platelets, leukocytes, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells, and can act locally or systemically.

PAF is a potent activator of platelets, causing them to aggregate, release granules, and synthesize thromboxane A2, which further promotes platelet aggregation. In addition, PAF has pro-inflammatory effects, inducing cytokine release, leukocyte activation and recruitment, and vascular permeability. It is involved in numerous diseases, including asthma, atherosclerosis, sepsis, and cancer.

PAF levels are tightly regulated by enzymes that degrade or synthesize it. Dysregulation of PAF synthesis or degradation can lead to pathological conditions, emphasizing the importance of tight control of this mediator. Drugs that target PAF or its receptors have been developed and are being investigated for their therapeutic potential in various diseases.